Whole transcriptome analysis reveals non-coding RNA's competing endogenous gene pairs as novel form of motifs in serous ovarian cancer

Publisher Copyright: © 2022The non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation appears to be associated to the diagnosis and targeted therapy of complex diseases. Motifs of non-coding RNAs and genes in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network would probably contribute to the accurate prediction of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC). We conducted a microarray study profiling the whole transcriptomes of eight human SOCs and eight controls and constructed a ceRNA network including mRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Novel form of motifs (mRNA-ncRNA-mRNA) were identified from the ceRNA network and defined as non-coding RNA's competing endogenous gene pairs (ceGPs), using a proposed method denoised individualized pair analysis of gene expression (deiPAGE). 18 cricRNA's ceGPs (cceGPs) were identified from multiple cohorts and were fused as an indicator (SOC index) for SOC discrimination, which carried a high predictive capacity in independent cohorts. SOC index was negatively correlated with the CD8+/CD4+ ratio in tumour-infiltration, reflecting the migration and growth of tumour cells in ovarian cancer progression. Moreover, most of the RNAs in SOC index were experimentally validated involved in ovarian cancer development. Our results elucidate the discriminative capability of SOC index and suggest that the novel competing endogenous motifs play important roles in expression regulation and could be potential target for investigating ovarian cancer mechanism or its therapy.Peer reviewe

Omnivorous shrimp

Lake eutrophication often causes declines and even losses of submerged macrophytes through the shading effects of increased periphyton and phytoplankton. The Chinese swamp shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Kemp (Decapoda, Atyidae) is a common omnivore in Chinese lakes, where its presence may impact both periphyton and phytoplankton, with previously unstudied consequences for submerged macrophytes. Here, using a mesocosm experiment, we studied the effect of N. d. sinensis on periphyton, phytoplankton and the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata. Results showed that in the presence of N. d. sinensis, the biomass of periphyton on the leaves of V. denseserrulata was significantly reduced, and that growth rate of V. denseserrulata increased. The presence of N. d. sinensis also significantly increased the total phosphorus concentrations in the water column and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a). The enhanced growth of V. denseserrulata is likely to be linked to improved light harvesting due to the reduced periphyton attached to their leaf surface. The results suggest that stocking with Chinese swamp shrimps may enhance the development of macrophytes in eutrophic shallow lakes

Efficient Encoding Method for Combined Codes in the MWD Telemetry System

MPPM (Multipulse Position Modulation) is a pulse code technology that is widely used in optical communication and deep space communication due to its high energy efficiency. Combination code is a variation of MPPM and is widely used in MWD (Measurement While Drilling) telemetry systems. However, whether it is MPPM or combination code, it is difficult to establish a simple mapping relationship between bit symbols and pulse symbols. Therefore, an encoding table is usually used to realize the mapping between bit symbols and pulse symbols. With an increase in bit width, the storage complexity of the encoding table increases exponentially. This is unacceptable for underground transmitters working in harsh environments. This paper maps the code symbols of MPPM to a hyper-triangular region of a high-dimensional tensor and establishes a simple lookup table and lookup algorithm to achieve low-complexity mapping from bit symbols to MPPM code symbols. At the same time, this paper also provides a method for extending from MPPM code symbols to commonly used combination code symbols in MWD, thereby providing an efficient implementation path for large bit width combination code encoding at the underground end of MWD

Cross-Attention-Guided Feature Alignment Network for Road Crack Detection

Road crack detection is one of the important issues in the field of traffic safety and urban planning. Currently, road damage varies in type and scale, and often has different sizes and depths, making the detection task more challenging. To address this problem, we propose a Cross-Attention-guided Feature Alignment Network (CAFANet) for extracting and integrating multi-scale features of road damage. Firstly, we use a dual-branch visual encoder model with the same structure but different patch sizes (one large patch and one small patch) to extract multi-level damage features. We utilize a Cross-Layer Interaction (CLI) module to establish interaction between the corresponding layers of the two branches, combining their unique feature extraction capability and contextual understanding. Secondly, we employ a Feature Alignment Block (FAB) to align the features from different levels or branches in terms of semantics and spatial aspects, which significantly improves the CAFANet’s perception of the damage regions, reduces background interference, and achieves more precise detection and segmentation of damage. Finally, we adopt multi-layer convolutional segmentation heads to obtain high-resolution feature maps. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct experiments on the public CRACK500 dataset and compare it with other mainstream methods. Experimental results demonstrate that CAFANet achieves excellent performance in road crack detection tasks, which exhibits significant improvements in terms of F1 score and accuracy, with an F1 score of 73.22% and an accuracy of 96.78%

Resveratrol provides neuroprotection by regulating the JAK2/STAT3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway after stroke in rats

Ischemic stroke is a common disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the important pathophysiological effects of ischemic stroke is apoptosis. A neuroprotective effect is defined as the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis to rescue or delay the infarction in the surviving ischemic penumbra. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that reportedly prevents cerebral ischemia injury by regulating the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and to investigate the signaling pathways and mechanisms through which resveratrol regulates apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. Cerebral infarct volume was measured using 2% TTC staining. TUNEL staining was conducted to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the proteins involved in the JAK2/STAT3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The results suggested that resveratrol significantly improved neurological function, reduced cerebral infarct volume, decreased neuronal damage, and markedly attenuated neuronal apoptosis; these effects were attenuated by the inhibition of PI3K/AKT with LY294002 and JAK2/STAT3 with AG490. We also found that resveratrol significantly upregulated the expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and BCL-2 and downregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX, which was partially reversed by LY294002 and AG490. These results suggested that resveratrol provides a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is partially mediated by the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Resveratrol may indirectly upregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by activating JAK2/STAT3. Keywords: AKT, Ischemic penumbra, mTOR, Resveratrol, STAT3, Strok

Generation and characterization of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines from conjunctiva of a retinoblastoma patient

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignancy mostly caused by variation of the tumour suppressor gene RB1. In this study, we successfully generated two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from an infant with non-heritable RB. Both cell clones exhibited typical iPSC characteristics with normal karyotypes, consistent pluripotency markers expression and the capability of trilineage differentiation